Beamforming in 5G

What is Beamforming in 5G?

My friend: Hi Soumya, I have a question for you.

Me: Please, go ahead.

My friend: What is meant by Beamforming in 5G?

Me: It is a signal processing technique used for directional signal transmission or reception, so instead of spreading the signal over the whole cell coverage area, the BTS can focus the radio signals in specific directions using narrow radio beams and by sending multiple beams, the whole cell area is covered.

My friend: But, what are the advantages of beamforming?

Me: Actually, many advantages. 1st, Beamforming helps to reduce inter-cell interference by focusing transmissions in a specific direction, i.e. the beam width is relatively narrow so the possibility for inter-cell interference across a wide range of angles is reduced. 2nd, by increasing the antenna gain and this is particularly important for the mmwave bands which experience higher path loss. 3rd, Beamforming provides support for Multi-User MIMO (MU-MlMO) and so, multiple users can be simultaneously allocated the same resource blocks if those users are spatially separated which will enhance the cell capacity.

My friend: Thanks a lot. You made it clear.

Me: You are most welcomed.

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